Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{\quad1\quad}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{\quad2\quad}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{\quad3\quad}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “$\underline{\quad4\quad}$” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{\quad6\quad}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{\quad7\quad}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{\quad8\quad}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{\quad9\quad}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{\quad10\quad}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{\quad11\quad}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{\quad12\quad}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{\quad13\quad}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{\quad14\quad}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{\quad15\quad}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{\quad16\quad}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{\quad17\quad}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{\quad18\quad}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{\quad19\quad}$. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{\quad20\quad}$ infants and healthy young people.

1. [A] criticized [B]appointed [C] commented [D] designated

2. [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted

3. [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums

4. [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme

5. [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by

6. [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor

7. [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice

8. [A]over [B] for [C]among [D] to

9. [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up

10. [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until

11. [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D] magnificent

12. [A] categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples

13. [A] imparted [B] immersed [C] injected [D] infected

14. [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained

15. [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving

16. [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable

17. [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial

18. [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced

19. [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings

20. [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst's sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses, Sotheby's and Christi's, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi's chief executive, says:"I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as "a last victory" because

[A] the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

[B] th ucioner inal yo the woe e ate hst

[C] Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masepices

[D] it was successfuly ade ust beore the world financial crisis

22.By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

[A] colletos wre no onger ativey iwvolve in art mare actions

[B] people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away fom galleries

[C] art colletioa ahion ha oas ispa a a e cett

[D] works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Sales of contemporary art fell ramatically from 2007 to2008.

[B] The art market surpassed many other industis i momentum.

[C] The art market generally went downward in various ways.

[D] Some art dealers were awaing better chances to come.

24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

[A] auction houses' avories

[B] contemporary trends

[C] factors promoin artwork circulation

[D] styles representing Impressionists

25.The most appropriate title for this text could be

[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices

[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions

[C] Art Market in Decline

[D] Shified Interest in Arts

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's rey", e xplained."When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't ep the conversation going,we'd spend the whole evening insilence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me.""He doesn't talk to me." I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

26.What is most wives' main expectation of ther usands?

[A] Talking to them.

[B] Trusting them.

[C] Supporting their cares.

[D] Sharing housework.

27.Judging from the context,the phrase "wreaking havoc"(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

[A] generating motivation

[B] exerting influence

[C]causing damage

[D] creating pressure

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT

[A] men tend to talk more in public ha women

[B] nearly 50 percent of reen divorces are caused by faied coversation

[C women attach much importance to communication between couples

[D] a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

[A] The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.

[B] Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.

[C] Husband and wife have diferen xpecaios fom ther mariage.

[D] Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

[A]a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

[B] a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

[C]other possble casons for high diore rate n t .S.

[D] a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

"There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can't figure out how to change people's habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine."We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you'll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

"Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s' said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it's essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C]are deeply roe in istory

[D] are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

[A] reveal their impact on people's habits

[B] show the urgent need of aiy ncesiss

[C] ndicate ther efect o pepP'sbying ower

[D] manifst the inificat roe fe go abitss

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?

[A] Tide.

[B] Crest.

[C] Colgate.

[D] Unilever.

34. From the text we know that some of consumers' habits are developed due to

[A] perfected art of products

[B] automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions

[D] scientific experiments

35. The author's attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people's habits is

[A] indifferent

[B] negative

[C] positive

[D] biased

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

36.From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

[A] both literate and ilitrate pople can serve on juries

[B] defendants are immune from trial by thei pers

[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C the conlicting ideals in ry slecionorcres

[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because

[A] they were automatically bannd y tate laws

[B] they fell lra tao o te f r ouficaios

[C] hey were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D] they tended to evade public engagement

39. Afer the Jury Selection and Service Actwas passed,

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstiutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less nid in he sleiofrfral rors

[C jurors at h state levet ughtobe representative of tentire comunity

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. n discussing the US jury system, the text centers on

[A] its nature and problems

[B] its characteristics and tradition

[C] its problems and their solutions

[D] its tradition and development

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel

Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet fuel use and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation - a V-shape - expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different, Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr. Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes' wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr. Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

As it happens, America's armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country's Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr. Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. "My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin," he adds. So he should know.

41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.

43. Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

45. It has been documented that during World War I, America's armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.

（请将41-45题的答案填入下方的输入框，不区分大小写）

Section III Translation

46. Directions:

In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.

It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception;
2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

（图表数据趋势：发展中国家手机订阅量在 2000-2008 年间呈显著增长态势，而发达国家增长相对平缓，后期发展中国家订阅量远超发达国家。）